Effect of Empagliflozin on Electrolytes and Lipid Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Studies examining the effect of Empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes have reported different results regarding the effect of this drug on electrolytes and lipid profiles. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Empagliflozin on electrolytes and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: In this systematic meta-analysis, clinical trials published in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases up to April 2022 were reviewed. Information on the mean and standard deviations of electrolytes, including phosphate, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and lipid parameters, including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides, before receiving Empagliflozin was extracted from the selected studies and analyzed. Results: A total of seven clinical trials with 398 patients were analyzed. The sodium, potassium, phosphate, and magnesium levels remained unchanged or slightly changed after receiving different doses of Empagliflozin. Estimation of the standardized mean difference of calcium after receiving 10 mg of Empagliflozin was insignificant. The standardized mean difference in levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides was insignificant after receiving different doses of Empa­gliflozin. Conclusion: Administration of Empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes does not affect phosphate, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. However, further research is needed due to the small number of studies and conflicting results on the issue.